{
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "type": "principle",
  "id": "proximity",
  "evaluation": {
    "reviewedOn": "2026-10-19",
    "status": "limited",
    "modes": [
      "application-fixture"
    ],
    "summary": "The example associated a label and hint with its input programmatically, and retained that relationship without authored CSS. Spacing comprehension was not measured.",
    "reportUrl": "/design-evaluations/principle-proximity.json",
    "identity": {
      "target": "Original IonBin synthetic interface example; no external product or human-participant study.",
      "version": "2026-10-19 local fixture",
      "integrity": "SHA-256 f85d1056afd667225a1e0364edfb8f25b4693ffa7b2b8c7d7af5b92338b85ee4 identifies the exact HTML fixture only."
    },
    "environment": [
      "155.0.8059.82 Chromium; fresh context with all network requests blocked.",
      "Synthetic inputs, memory-only state, reduced-motion preference, 1280px and 320px viewports."
    ],
    "tests": [
      {
        "name": "Semantic group",
        "mode": "application-fixture",
        "method": "Exercise the original local application fixture and inspect the resulting controls or DOM state.",
        "result": "pass",
        "observation": "A fieldset/legend, explicit label and described-by link identify the input independently of spacing."
      },
      {
        "name": "No style order",
        "mode": "application-fixture",
        "method": "Exercise the original local application fixture and inspect the resulting controls or DOM state.",
        "result": "pass",
        "observation": "With authored CSS disabled, the named input and ordered process remained present."
      }
    ],
    "security": {
      "scope": "Review of the local example’s stated interaction boundaries; no backend, authentication, production permissions or external service was exercised.",
      "findings": [
        {
          "level": "caution",
          "basis": "advice",
          "title": "Visual grouping is not a trust boundary",
          "detail": "Keep permission labels and explanatory text programmatically tied to the correct control. Proximity cannot prevent a forged or misleading label."
        }
      ],
      "limits": [
        "The example has no real authorization or persistence layer; its UI behavior cannot establish the security of a deployed workflow."
      ]
    },
    "practicalCaveats": [
      "Check labels and descriptions after responsive reflow, not just at the design canvas width."
    ],
    "limits": [
      "This checks an authored application example, not the truth, effect size or generality of the named principle.",
      "No users, assistive-technology participants, physical devices or production task outcomes were evaluated."
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "Wertheimer: Laws of Organization in Perceptual Forms",
        "url": "https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Wertheimer/Forms/forms.htm",
        "scope": "University-hosted translation of the 1923 original."
      },
      {
        "label": "W3C: Info and Relationships",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/info-and-relationships.html",
        "scope": "Preserving structural relationships beyond visual presentation."
      }
    ]
  }
}